Biography of Bletchley Park

Life story of Bletchley Park Free Online Research Papers The impact Bletchley Park had on ‘World war two’ is a point that has for some time been discussed, as there are numerous variables and contentions that can demonstrate or invalidate any point. The one undisputable certainty remains, that the work done at Bletchley, unquestionably adjusted the course of the war, somehow As I have referenced, there are numerous focuses that contend that Bletchley were constrained in the amount they could influence the course of the war. The best of these contentions, is presumably the possibility that Bletchley Park could just give the military data. From that point onward, the military heads needed to choose whether to utilize the data, the manner by which they would utilize it and the individuals to whom they gave passed the data and fight to. Also, significantly after the military had chosen this, it was dependent upon the officers to really take on the conflict, and win. Along these lines, thusly, Bletchley Park appears to have little impact with respect to the war. Furthermore, in view of this absence of direct contact with the war, next to no of Bletchley Parks data was followed up on thus went to squander, or the fight was battled gravely or improper strategies where utilized which implied that that specific fight was lost. This terrible authority is seen espe cially in the clash of Crete, when Bletchley Park decoded full subtleties on fight systems and other key subtleties that permitted the military to make moves against the Germans. Shockingly, the partner troops were dwarfed, thus lost the fight. In any case, it wasn’t a complete destruction as Hitler never attempted this style of battling again in the whole course of the war. However, it wasn’t as a result of Bletchley’s absence of get in touch with, it was additionally regularly due to Bletchley’s disappointment in breaking the codes and accomplishing the Enigma settings for that day. This disappointment implied that no moves could be made against the foe, thus misfortunes were unavoidable. Once more, because of awful code breaking, there were regularly off base messages passed on thus moves were put forth that were adverse to the war attempt, thus influenced the partners seriously. Nonetheless, it has been worked out that the data gave by Bletchley Park implied that the war was abbreviated by two years, sparing a huge number of lives. Generally striking of these triumphs was the ‘Battle of Britain’. The data gave by Bletchley implied that the partners could make moves to counter the intrusion, and forestalled Hitler arriving in Britain. As a result of such substantial misfortunes to the adversary, Hitler never attempted this type of battling again. One more of the incredible triumphs for the partners, straightforwardly brought about by Bletchley Park, was the sinking of the leader, and pride of the German Navy, ‘The Bismarck’. After the Bismarck was harmed, Bletchley decoded a message that at long last persuaded the Navy that they were a dependable source, and as such this prompted the obliteration of the Bismarck, which was an extraordinary hit to the Germans, halfway monetarily, however generally ethically. Maybe the extremely important occasion in the ‘Battle of the Atlantic’ was the breaking of ‘Dolphin’. Up until the breaking of Dolphin, 282000 tons worth of provisions were lost because of German U-Boats assaulting the transportation caravans, and devastating a significant number of the British fleet’s best ships. After Dolphin had been broken, the partners had the option to forestall the Germans annihilating such huge numbers of their boats, and breaking Dolphin likewise implied that the Battle of the Medanine could be done leaving the partners triumphant. In general, Bletchley Park influenced the war in an enormous positive manner, and as was recently referenced above, abbreviated the war by two years sparing a huge number of lives. Examination Papers on Biography of Bletchley ParkAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Standardized TestingOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL investigation of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Spring and AutumnRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Care of the older adult notes Essay

Numerous more seasoned patients are recommended various medications, assume control over-the-counter prescriptions, and are frequently endorsed extra medications to treat the reactions of the drugs that they are now taking. The expansion in the quantity of drugs frequently prompts polypharmacy, which is characterized as the remedy, organization, or utilization of a bigger number of prescriptions than are clinically demonstrated in a given patient. One broadly utilized ADL apparatus is the Barthel Index : measure practical degrees of self-care and portability, and it rates the capacity to take care of and groom oneself, wash, go to the latrine, walk (or drive a wheelchair), ascend steps, and control gut and bladder. The first ADL device was created by Katz A few intercessions that may help the prescriber to forestall polypharmacy incorporate knowing all prescriptions, by both brand and nonexclusive name, being utilized by the patient; distinguishing signs for every medicine; realizing the symptom profiles of the meds; killing medications with no advantage or sign; and evading the inclination to treat a medication response with another medication. Quiet instruction on the dangers of polypharmacy may support the patient too. The Mini-Cog: The screening comprises of a three-thing review and a clock-drawing test. This solid device can help medical attendants with early location of subjective issues. Scaled down Mental State Examination (MMSE): measure change in subjective hindrance. It estimates direction, enlistment, consideration and computation, transient review, language, and visuospatial work. *Dementia is a lasting dynamic decrease in psychological capacity Of the five sensesâ€hearing, vision, smell, taste, and touchâ€it is the event of reduced vision and hearing that appears to have the best effect on more seasoned grown-ups. Issues with vision or hearing can effectsly affect social association and thus on social and mental wellbeing. Presbyopia alludes to an age-related change in vision. Presbycusis alludes to age-related dynamic hearing misfortune. Age-related macular degeneration, the weakening of focal vision, Assessing Older Adultsâ cognitive-testing devices, for example, the Miniâ€Mental State Exam or the Orientationâ€Memoryâ€Concentration Test (OMCT).3 Both devices survey orientationâ to time and spot, momentary memory, and focus. The CAM is a normalized instrument created for clinicians to identifydelirium, an intense change in mental status from pattern, rapidly and precisely. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA © Version 7.1) was created as a speedy screening apparatus for MCI and early Alzheimer’s dementia. It evaluates the areas of consideration and focus, official capacities, memory, language, visuoconstructional aptitudes, applied reasoning, estimations, and direction End-of-Life Care The interdisciplinary gathering or group (IDG/IDT): Enrolled nurseâ€coordinates the arrangement of care for every patient Health Promotion Sound individuals 2010-deterrent measures for a long time 50-64 Human services Policy and Reform Medicare is Title XVIII of the Social Security Act; it was passed in 1965, following quite a while of attempting to give a widespread medical coverage. It is a protection program for those 65 or over who have paid into the Social Security framework, the railroad support, or are determined to have end stage renal illness. Action: Healthcare Policy and Reform All in all, you ought to apply for Medicaid if your pay is low and you coordinate one of the portrayals beneath. Medicare is a Federal medical coverage program for individuals 65 years or more seasoned, certain individuals with inabilities, and individuals with end-stage renal illness (ESRD). Medicare Medicare is a protection program. Doctor's visit expenses are paid from trust finances which those secured have paid into. It serves individuals more than 65 basically, whatever their pay; and serves more youthful crippled individuals and dialysis patients. Patients pay some portion of expenses through deductibles for emergency clinic and different expenses. Little month to month premiums are required for non-emergency clinic inclusion. Medicare is a government program. It is fundamentally the equivalent wherever in the United States and is controlled by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, an office of the government. Medicaid Medicaid is a help program. Doctor's visit expenses are paid from government, state and neighborhood charge reserves. It serves low-pay individuals of each age. Patients generally pay no piece of expenses for secured clinical costs. A little co-installment is now and then required. Medicaid is a government state program. It fluctuates from state to state. It is controlled by state and neighborhood governments inside bureaucratic rules. To fit the bill for Medicaid, an individual must fit into a classification of qualification and meet certain budgetary and asset gauges. Medicaid gives three kinds of wellbeing security: 1) health care coverage for low-salary families and individuals with inabilities, 2) long haul care (LTC) for more seasoned Americans and people with handicaps, and 3) supplemental inclusion for low-pay Medicare recipients for administrations not secured by Medicare Living Environment Yearly inoculation against flu is suggested for all grown-ups 65 years old or more established in light of the fact that over 90% of the passings from flu happen in this populace. Intermittent supporters of lockjaw antibody, customarily allowed like clockwork in the United States, are suggested for more established grown-ups by the USPSTF. The Beers List of prescriptions to be kept away from in the old has become a national rule for prescribers and drug specialists in the United States (Fick etal., 2003). These drugs incorporate long-acting benzodiazepines, calming or entrancing specialists, longacting oral hypoglycemics, analgesics, antiemetics, and gastrointestinal antispasmodics. Keeping up Functional Independence â€Å"Elderly patients with accidental weight reduction are at higher hazard for disease, sadness and death† U.S. General Health Service distributed the report Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation. This 1980 report laid out 226 destinations for the country to accomplish over the accompanying 10 years. Sound People 2000, was started by the U.S. General Health Service in another push to diminish preventable demise and handicap for Americans. Sound People 2010 activity; be that as it may, the quantity of goals has expanded to 467, and these are circulated more than 28 need regions. Fragility is seen as a general decrease in the physical capacity of more established grown-ups that can build weakness to disease and decay. Characterizing qualities incorporate unexpected weight reduction of more than 10%â in the earlier year, sentiments of fatigue, hold quality in the most fragile 20% for age, strolling speed in the least 20% for age, and low caloric consum ption.

Blog Archive mbaMission Releases Updated Free Interview Guides for 20192020

Blog Archive mbaMission Releases Updated Free Interview Guides for 2019â€"2020 Drawing on our experience in preparing countless clients for their MBA interviews, we at mbaMission are proud to release our updated series of Interview Guides, which now covers 17 individual top-ranked schools for the 2019â€"2020 admissions season! The guides feature valuable information about the programs’ interview processes, notoriously difficult questions, and past applicants’ experiences. To help you understand what to expect in an interview with your target school and prepare accordingly, each mbaMission Interview Guide provides the following useful details: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the school’s approach to interviewing (self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive, etc.) Lists of the school’s most common questions and themes Past applicants’ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences Tips on preparing for and responding to common question types Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Advice on managing the entire interview process, from scheduling to thank you notes Download the guides free of charge to ensure you are ready to rock your interview!   And for even more targeted interview prep, try our Individual Mock Interview Sessions (starting at $650), including our one-of-a-kind offering, the HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support ($850). For even more targeted interview prep, learn more about our HBS Intensive Interview Simulation (starting at $2,500) with veteran HBS interviewer Devi Vallabhaneni, and our Wharton Team-Based Discussion Simulations ($525).   Last but not least, don’t miss our “Interview Workshop” webinar at 8:00 pm ET on Monday, October 28, 2019, hosted by mbaMission Senior Consultant Rachel Beck. During the session, Rachel will help prospective MBAs understand the types of questions that may be asked to best prepare for interviews. Space is limitedâ€"register for free today!   Share ThisTweet Application Tips Business School Events Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews Managing the MBA Interview mbaMission Events University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

L.a Confidential Film Noir Essay - 978 Words

The Key Conventions Of Film Noir In L.A Confidential L.A Confidential (Curtis Hanson, 1997) is a neo-noir film about a shooting at an all night diner and the three Las Angeles policeman who investigate in their own unique ways. It is based on the book by James Ellroy and after a very well adapted screenplay, won nine academy awards. It starred actors with big names like Russell Crowe, Guy Pearce and Danny Devito, which made it a very high earning film. The Narrative or storyline is much the same as any other film noir movie. It has a ‘hard boiled cop (Russell Crowe) who we grow attached to. The narrative of any film must have certain ‘key conventions which are apparent for the audience to tell the genre of the film. The†¦show more content†¦Danny Devito is perfect in this role because he has quite a seedy voice this is good to illustrate the sleaziness of film-noir, it shows the real voice of L.A. The setting of film noir is usually quite cheap. This is used effectively to actually show the dark tacky parts of society where film-noir usually takes place. There is not a lot of light in these films and they are often set on location. A seedy underworld is often present in film-noir movies, where all the bad or undesirable parts of society are exposed. Things like drugs, alcohol, murder and corruption. In my analysis I will be looking at a scene near the end of the film where Bud White and Ed Exeley take part in a shootout at the victory motel. The narrative conveys very common noir aspects here; the shootout takes place in a very dark room. The only light comes from outside. This shows the mood of the scene to be sinister and bleak. It puts the audience in a scared state as the shadows can conceal anything. It is also hard to see what White and Exeley are doing. The shadows are very menacing because they use a chiaroscuro lighting effect. This means that the rooms, people and settings are hidden from view by shadows. The blinds over the window cast strong grid shadowing over the characters showing uncertainty and anxiety. This lighting is very common in film-noir films as it shows the seediness of the settings. TheShow MoreRelatedElements of Film Noir between the Movies Maltese Falcon, Chinatown, and L.A. Confidential572 Words   |  2 Pagesof the elements of Film Noir between the movies Maltese Falcon, Chinatown, and L.A. Confidential. This will also discuss if Chinatown and L.A. Confidential remain true to the classical form or if they are in the baroque level of genre. This essay will also identify these discussions using examples for each film. Maltese Falcon could be explained more precisely as transitional films that mark limitations amongst true film noir and film that may have some elements or none noir. Maltese Falcon presentsRead MoreBaz Luhrmann s The Great Gatsby934 Words   |  4 Pagesthis semester, we have watched a variety of films. These films have taught us more about certain times of history as well as how the movie’s production has been changing over time and improving. We have watched a variety of movies in class from the, silent ones to some modern films in which we can see a big the differences between them. Watching these three films I feel like would be entertaining, but as well it would be teaching more about the art of film and expand our learning in class. Baz Luhrmann’sRead MoreMaltese Falcon, L.A. Confidetial, and Chinatown940 Words   |  4 PagesMaltese Falcon, L.A. Confidential, and Chinatown are all considered a classic for noir films. Even though these films are not actuall y black film they are a Hollywood crime drama. Not all of them are in the Hollywoods classical film noir period from the early 1940s to the late 1950s. The Maltese Falcon is more like a classical noir film than the other two movies. Maltese falcon has all the traits a noir film should have. Like fatalism, the femme fatale, the male protagonists, shadows, gloomy,Read MoreEssay about Film Noirs Effect on Modern Cinema1365 Words   |  6 PagesFilm Noirs Effect on Modern Cinema High heels click on wet pavement, shady detectives stand in the shadows, shots ring out through the cold, dark city night-just another moment in film noir. These seedy, almost underground films are considered to be some of the best and most influential pictures in the history of Hollywood by anyones standards, most certainly some of the darkest. Even though the glory days of film noir have long passed and given way to big budget productions, their influenceRead MoreTreatment For A City Rarely Snow977 Words   |  4 Pagessnow I. Authors : Yuyi Chen Genre: Noir fiction Title: â€Å"a City rarely snow† Contact information: yuyic@uci.edu II. Background: The idea of this movie comes form several noir film in the 1940s and 1950s about how a femme fatale tries to kill her husband. The screenwriter is a student in University of California, Irvine who has studying Noir film for several months. The protagonist, is a freelancer journalist, is influence by the several films such as L.A Confidential, which creates the press as greedyRead More Dames, Coppers, and Crooks: A L:ook At Film Noir Essay2891 Words   |  12 PagesCrooks: A Look At Film Noir nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Film noir is a style of black and white American films that first evolved in the 1940s, became prominent in the post-war era, and lasted in a classic â€Å"Golden Age† period until about 1960. Frank Nino, a French film critic, first coined the label film noir, which literally means black film or cinema, in 1946. Nino noticed the trend of how â€Å"dark† and black the looks and themes were of many American crime and detective films released in FranceRead More Christopher Nolans Memento Essay5013 Words   |  21 Pagesarray of commercial triumphs (The Mummy Returns) and disappointments (Pearl Harbor). It was heartening to film fans that a classic sleeper could still find room in a marketplace filled with bloated extravaganzas nurtured by gray-suited Hollywood greedheads. Unbenost to the gray-suits, the per-screen average for writer/director Christopher Nolans Memento -- a challenging art-house noir made for $5 million and released by a novice dis tributor -- was but $2 less than the per-screen average of Pearl

Ancient Rome and Greece - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2976 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Ancient Rome Essay Did you like this example? What importance did the Battles of Marathon and Salamis, and the Punic Wars have for Ancient Greece and Rome? Ancient Greece: The battle of Marathon took place in 490 BC during the first Persian invasion on Greece. Citizens of Athens and citizens of Plataea revolted against the Persian army. The battle was a very big victory for the Greeks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ancient Rome and Greece" essay for you Create order From this victory, they gained confidence in their defense system and a new battle tactic called phalanx. The phalanx tactic is when a group of people comes closer together in a line formation. In this battle, the Greeks were armored with shields and were able to make a wall to protect themselves using the phalanx tactic. In 480 BC, the Persian Army took their second attempt on invading Greece. In order to defeat the Persians, the Greek city-states came together to fight as one. Because of the Greeks success, they brought an end to the Persian wars and saved Greece from being invaded by the Persians. Their victory supports and shows that their defense and strategies surpass the Persians defenses. The Greeks had gained a position of power, success, recognition, and respect. Because of all of this, the battle of marathon and salamis is still known today as one of the greatest wars in history. After the Persians were defeated, Greece was left alone for good. This led to the assemblage of Athens and the start of the golden age and the Delian League. Ancient Rome: The Punic wars occurred between 264 BC and 146 BC. The three wars were fought by Rome and Carthage and Rome won all three. The first battle was fought over the control of the islands Sicily and Corsica and ended with Rome taking control over both islands. Sicily became Romes first overseas province, which made it easier for them to travel to and from other cities and countries when trading. This increased their empire and trading routes. When fighting in the first war Rome had an army with very little experience but was able to prove how strong they were, which gave them power. Because of their little experience, the Roman navy benefited from all the wars in gaining combat experience on sea and skills on training. After the Punic wars, the Romans were supplied with wealth because Carthage was forced to pay a large war debt to Rome in silver. Their wealth led to increasing and continuation of their empire. After Rome defeated Carthage, they became the dominant power in the Mediterrane an Region. When Carthage lost, they were put to an end, leaving Rome to have control over Spain. The main reason the three wars were fought was for the control over sea trade and when Rome defeated the Carthage, they gained control over it. 2. What were the major contributions of Ancient Greece and Rome to modern Western society? Please be specific and organize your response into the following categories: Government ( Greece ): Direct democracy was first introduced in Greece. Direct democracy is a form of government in which citizens rule and not representatives. This democracy started in Athens and is now a Athens legacy. The modern trial by jury was originally started in Ancient Athens. The jurors were all Athenian citizens and had to be over 30 years of age. In the United States, we have narrowed down the number of jurors to just 12 on the court. Today, in the united states we use a democratic system called representative democracy, which is when citizens vote on who make the decisions in a country. Democracy in Greece was successful because of the things Pericles did. He increased the amount of public officials who were paid, which meant anyone could serve if they were elected by the lot. Although the United States uses a different kind of democracy than what Greece used, the idea of democracy all started in Greece and spread out into the western civilizations as time passed by to become what it is to day. The reason why that was able to happen was because their democracy was successful. Military ( Greece ): The Ancient Greece army was a very strong army. One of the major contributions from the Greek military was technology. With Greek being the first to use technology during warfare and combat, they are the reason why we have advanced technology in militarys today. One of the technologies invented was the catapults and giant siege engines. Today, our militarys have been inspired and advanced these technologies to the ones used today. The Greek military also contributed their tactics and formations. Alexander the Great was the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and the one to invent the first formations during a battle. One of these tactics includes the phalanx formation. Because of this tactic Greece gained victory over Anatolia and Gaugamela, which ended the Persias power In the battles Greek and Roman armies wore similar armor. Greek soldiers wore square breastplate on their torso. Romans only wore one greave on their left leg, Greeks wore greaves on both legs. Greaves are m etal armor worn to protect the legs. As with technology, armor has also been advanced to protect soldiers from greater threats such as bombs. Greaves have been improved to protect the legs from explosive devices. Culture/religion ( Greece ): The culture in the main Greek city of egypt was a cultural blend of Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences. This was known as the Hellenistic culture. People throughout the city states communicated with the popular language that was spoken called Koine.Their religion was called Hellenic polytheists. Greeks worshipped their Greek Gods and goddesses. Part of their culture that was big was recognizing and dedicating their greek goddesses. Citizens of Alexandria built museums, temples, and sculptures that were dedicated to their greek goddesses to show their honor. Philosophy was also a big part in their culture. The first lighthouse in the world was invented in the Greek city state of Alexandria. In Alexandria, there were many scholars that contributed to the scientific knowledge in the west. Aristarchus was an astronomer who he estimated the size of the sun. Eratosthenes was an astronomer, mathematician, a poet, and a historian. What he achieved was estimating the size of the earth u sing geometry. Both of them were scholars from Alexandria and answered many peoples beliefs about the world. Euclid was a mathematician that wrote about geometry propositions and proofs, which has influenced us a lot because it is what we are taught in school. Archimedes was also a mathematician, but he estimated the value of pi. With all of these people in their civilization, the citizens from Alexandria were able to conquer inventing many things and influenced many things to the western civilizations. Lastly, the Greeks invented drama and it was a big part in their culture. They performed two styles called comedy and drama. They contributed theatre, costumes, and masks as entertainment to the western civilizations. Government (Rome): Since the first century Rome had always had a balanced government. Their government was once government by nobles, the people, or a king. The government in the U.S today consists of democracy, which shows that the Romans government tactics influenced us today and still is. After the last king of Rome,Tarquin the Proud was driven from power in 509 B.C, the Romans wanted to never be ruled by a king again, so they established a republic. A republic is the form of government in which citizens have the right to vote on their leaders. This influenced western civilizations because it showed that government being runned by a king doesnt work out. In the Rome government, there are two officials called consuls. Consuls directed government, were elected for one year, and could veto other decisions. In civilizations today, those people are known as the president. When in crisis, there usually was a dictator that was chosen by the consul and elected by the senate. In western civilization there h ave been dictators in the past, because of the Rome empire. Another part of Romes government was the senates. Senates have legislative and administrative functions in the republic. This is something we also use in todays government structure. One of their greatest contributions to the western civilization is the law. When the Roman empire started to grow, Romans started to believe that laws should be fair and equal to everyone. Judges soon started to recognize and learn the principles of justice. Examples of laws that were originally from Rome are, believing that a person is innocent until proven guilty and any law that is proved to be unfair can be taken down. Ancient Rome also formed the law code much like the one used in the present time in many countries. The Roman empire installed many legal systems in european countries and have now influenced other countries like the united states. Military ( Rome ): During the battles, the roman army separated into legions, which are now called troops or regiments. Separating wasnt a thing soldiers would do because they believed they could be defeated when their army wasnt all in one area, but this is why the Romans rose to such success. By conquering central Italy, the Etruscans, Greek city states, and defeating the carthage in the punic wars, they influenced western civilizations on seperating into legions. The romans had organizational ability and a strong knowledge of construction that they were known for. They were acknowledged for taking other civilizations ideas, especially Greeks and modifying and transmitting them throughout the west. Without the Roman armys help, the Greeks inventions wouldnt have made it to the west and inspired other countries or us today. Economy ( Rome ): Ancient Rome was a agrian and slave based economy. Enslaved people took up one third of the Roman empires population. Children who were born into slaves were considered slaves and because of the law slaves were property to their owner. This part of their economy contributed a lot to the U.S civilization in a horrific way from the 1619s to 1865 because slavery also played a big part in the U.S economy back then. Agriculture and trade played a big part in their economic wealth. In Rome there was a system that helped farmers out with taxes and gave the government a great amount of free crops that was enough to feed the soldiers. They did this because they needed to increase productivity. The reason why increasing productivity was so important in Rome was because, it helped them increase their empire. Egypt, Sicily and Tunisia in North Africa were the main grain trading points for Rome. Later on the production and transportation of foods influenced the trading industry and led to many m ore tradings between other countries as well. Another big part of their industry was mining, which provided stones for the big building projects and metals for tools used in wars. Because of trading and Romes control over the mediterranean sea, they were able to make trading easier and more successful for them. Their trade roots went from regions to regions and even went deeper into africa and asia. They were able to trade for silver, gold, metal, iron, lead, and many more. These resources helped them make mint coins, tools, weapons, armor, jewelry, and art. The Romans trading routes offered a layout on how trading could fuel diplomacy between nearby regions. Which is an economic principle at play thats apart of the North Atlantic Trade Organization or NATO. All of this influenced western civilizations in developing trading routes that are still in use today and trading with other countries for resources. Which is why we have most of the resources we use today. As the Roman empire g rew, expanding their boundaries caused many problems. There was a gap between rich and poor and many enslaved people were working in estates. This made it hard for small farmer to compete and led to them selling their land and losing their jobs and homes. Tiberius and Gaius were brothers who tried to help the poor, but ended up dying because of the enemies who disagreed with them. This was something that did not work for the Romans. During the third A.D, Rome became very weak. Tribes outside the empire and pirates on the Mediterranean Sea disrupted trade, which decreased their resources in new sources. The economy then fell. They faced inflation, had problems in agriculture as well, and faced a deadly diseases that made their population decrease. WIth all of this happening, the military also becomes weak. This is an example of why expanding your empire is going to come with consequences., especially if its ruled by one man. This is something west civilizations try to avoid happening to them because it obviously didnt work out well for Rome at this period. In A.D. 284, Diocletian rose to power and became the new emperor. He restored and brought power back to the empire. He split the empire into the west and East, took East as his, and gave the West to a coworker. He then became ill and civil war broke out again. Once again, this did not influence the western civilizations. Julius Caesar and Octavian This is when Julius Caesar rose to power and was elected to be consul. Caesar fought alongside his soldiers, which is why he had their loyalty. Because of his success many people were happy about caesar and his actions, but a man named Pompey feared him and his goal. Caesar then defeated Pompey and his army and became dictator for life. Caesar granted Roman citizenship to many people, expanded the senate, and built buildings to give the poor a home. Many senators didnt agree with his beliefs so, he was murdered by a group of senators. After his murder, The roman empire fell apart. This is another example on what did not work for the Romans. After many violence and battles, Octavian became ruler of Rome and brought the Pax Romana to the Roman empire. Octavian accomplished working on public buildings, creating a system of government, tax collections, and much more. After he died, Rome was able to stay stable because of the government he structured. Octavion contributed to many western civilizations because of these things. The Romans were known for building strong and big structures, buildings, and more. They invented concrete, which is really huge in construction today. They used bricks and glass to build beautiful structures that are still popular till this day. Romans also invented aqueducts and sewers. Both of these things are used in western civilizations and are a necessary part of our civilizations. Therefore the Romans contributed structures that is used for water delivery and drainage of sewer. In the 18th century, the United States had a Roman revival, which is why many of our buildings have Roman features built into them. Lastly, Romans also built very strong roads throughout their empire that were connected. They built their roads with stone, concrete, and sand. This contributed transportation and safety to western civilizations. Roads are a huge thing in our modern society and plays a very big part in our everyday life. Culture/religion ( Rome ): In Rome, they believed in gods and goddesses. They gave names to powerful gods and goddesses and would honor them through rituals. I dont think this contributed much to western civilizations, but i do believe it contributed to our learning because greek mythology is something we learn in school. In Rome, their language was Latin. The roman alphabet was based on the greek alphabet. Romans studied literature in Greek and when their empire started to grow, the latin language spread out throughout the west. As time passed, their latin evolved into the Romance Languages. The latin language became the main language in the west and this is why many countries started off speaking latin. Because of countries in the west speaking it informally, they all ended up being different languages that originated all from one place. In the U.S, we dont speak latin, but there are many latin words developed into our vocabulary and that is because the Romans influenced western civilizations, even non romance languages. Although Romans have influenced the civilizations in many ways, they couldnt have done it without the Greeks. As the Roman empire started to grow, so did a new religion called christianity. Jesus first followers were jews, but after he died, they created the new religion christianity that slowly spread through Roman Empire. By the late A.D century there were millions of christians in the Roman Empire. Many people were attracted to this religion because it embraced all people, gave hope to the powerless, offered a relationship with a loving god, and promised an eternal life after death. The first Pope in Roman empire was a man named Peter. The Romans religion contributes to us because christianity has massively spread out into other western civilizations and is still the worlds greatest and popular religion. We also get our calendar from the Romans because they invented it because of jesuss birth. The Romans called their holidays Holy Days, which is where we get the word Holiday from. In the second century B.C, Romans conquered Greek and they inhabited their ways of architecture, literature, and philosophy. The culture of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman created a new culture called Greco-Roman culture. The Romans took in the greeks ways and created their own things such as mosaics, bas-relief, and paintings. This influenced western civilizations because it showed others how to do different kinds of art, which could also be used for trading. Although, The Romans were very inspired by the Greeks on many things, they created their own things as well. Both of these empires did great contributions to western civilizations. The world would be very different and we wouldnt have things we have now if it werent for Ancient Rome and Greece.

Analysis Of Between The World And Me And Me By Ta...

Rosa Parks once said, â€Å"Racism is still with us. But it is up to us to prepare our children for what they have to meet, and, hopefully we shall overcome.† Between The World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Coates writes a letter to his son explaining what his life was like growing up in America as an African American man, and he also tries to give his son some moral advice on how to take charge of living as a man in a black body. Spike Lee directs a film on Malcolm X, who was a black activist and a leader of the struggle for black freedom. Both the book and film discuss slavery, civil rights, and police brutality. Coates and Malcolm X advocate that the malicious history of slavery has contributed to the shaping of modern day racism in America. In 1619 the first African Americans were brought to America to a town called Jamestown in Virginia. This is when slavery began in North America. White men owned African American souls and destroyed their human rights, forced them into sla very, restricted them from freedom, and left them uneducated so that they would not be able to earn any power or knowledge about what was going on in the world. As Coates explains to his son some of the experiences of his life he also reminds him several times about never forgetting who he was, where he came from, who his people were, and what they have done for the others, â€Å"Never forget that we were enslaved in this country longer than we have been free. Never forget that for 250 years black people wereShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Between The World And Me `` By Ta Nehisi Coates Essay2423 Words   |  10 Pagesserve the majority of children properly and gaps remain between white and black students. What’s more, nowadays, a lot of schools only treat education as a curriculum and test scores; ignoring the stimulus of curiosity. Therefore, â€Å"Between the World and Me† is a book written by Ta-Nehisi Coates, who weaves his own personal, historical, and intellectua l development into his ruminations on how to live in a black body in America. In this book, Coates writes about education and pleasures of his own educationalRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis And Ta Nehisi Coates Between The World And Me1878 Words   |  8 Pagesboth the major motion picture version of Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis and Ta-Nehisi Coates’ Between the World and Me. Moreover, following the argument that there can be more than a single â€Å"truth,† what should concern the individual shouldn’t be obeying an truth proposed to be objective, but rather adhering to whatever truth best meets their criteria as true. This said, if someone desired to expand their understanding of the world as a whole, they could do so by basing their understanding of it off ofRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Between The World And Me984 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, is written as a letter to his son. Coate s cuts into the experience of the father as advice too the son. He writes this letter to his son to educate and awaken his son to the logic of white supremacy and the obstacles he will face as a black man this world. However, Ta-Nehisi’s son isn’t the only audience. He exposes the readers too the effect of racism on Black America, from history until present day. The purpose of this essay is to conductRead MoreThe American Dream : The Exnotation Of The American Dream756 Words   |  4 Pageshopes and imaginations will allow it to flourish. In the ever growing public debate concerning the American dream, acclaimed author, Te-Nehisi Coates, has emerged as a very outspoken critic. His criticisms of America’s treatment toward minorities have been a key subject of discussion since the publishing of his groundbreaking memoire, Between the World and Me. Written in the form of a letter to his son, Coates’s work analyzes the realties, emotions, and experience that comes with being black inRead MoreCommunity Is Like A Living Organism?1365 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual’s gifts and history. I also agree with Block’s idea that physical space is symbolic of the relational and social dynamics of a group. Block put a lot of my subconscious thoughts and observations into words and ideas that seem pretty convincing to me. He makes many good points on working within small groups to develop a sense of capability, identity and relationship as well as responsibility for one another. I am, myself, someone who prefers to work in smaller groups because it gives a more personalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Between The World And Me Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesIn Ta-Nehisi Coates’ book Between the World and Me, he writes from a political, yet deeply personal standpoint to analyze today’s version of racism. Coates strays away from his usual journalist works to a more deeper and personal view. His book is devoted to his fifteen-year-old son, Samori, and provides him with guidance through the struggle of racism; all while letting Samori fend for himself. Coates ’ lets his son know all this through history, and heritage; of his own and of America’s. Ta-NehisiRead MoreBetween The World And Me By Ta Nehisi Coates Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book, Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, he focused on the fear young black boys have growing up in America today. Along with discussing how it makes him feel about the Society he lives in. He emphasized the effectiveness of police in America overall and uses reference to slavery. Which reminds me of Goffman premises of symbolic interactions. How individuals in society just adopt to their surroundings. Although just because a person adapts, their inner thoughts and feelings of growingRead MoreA Lesson On The Gilded Age Essay1785 Words   |  8 Pagesopportunity to make the connection between some of the anti-immigration arguments made during the Gilded Age and today. I want my students to be able to see that, although there is a hundred year gap, the only major difference now is the group of individuals in which these anti immigrant sentiments are directed. The main way I plan on reinforcing this is through the usage of political cartoons. While there is a variety of different ways to show similarities between anti-immigration views, politicalRead MoreCivil War And The Abolition Of Slavery Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pageswe can continue to move towards a world in which the full humanity and dignity of all people is recognized† (Movement for Black Lives). As an Asian American, I’ve faced few racist ignorant comments throughout my life. But, compared to what my parents have faced coming from Korea and facing racist remarks throughout the years living in America even though they became citizens, shows how change needs to be brought. Even in Ta-Nehisi Coates’s Between the World and Me, describes the struggle the authorRead MoreMy Position As A First Year Composition Student1568 Words   |  7 PagesI am in a unique position as a First-year Composition student in his mid-thirties: I have a vast amount I would like to say about myself and the world, yet I lack the technical and rhetorical prowess to express myself efficiently. So, while I may have a lot to say, I don’t have the skills necessary to say much of anything. At least, this was my position in August of this year, at the start of the semester and at my introduction to college-level writing. For as long as I can remember, I have always

Public Administration Organizational Hierarchy

Question: Describe about the Public Administration for Organizational Hierarchy. Answer: Public Administration Public administration refers to all activities conducted by the government. Public administration as a discipline has designed ethical standards and values even though it only mirrors the society beliefs, cultural norms and realities. The government through public administration provides citizens with both indirect and direct service. Direct services include electricity, mail delivery, and mortgage insurance. Indirect services, on the other hand, refer to services offered by private contractors after they have been paid by the government to provide such services (Raadschelders, 2011). An example of indirect services includes the construction of dams, infrastructures, and space shuttle. Public administration is also bounded and created by the legal institutions. Overview of Saudi Aramco Organizational Hierarchy Saudi Aramco is recognized as the global leader in the marketing, distribution, refining, production, and exploration of oil. The companys infrastructure gives it an added advantage in the scale of reliability, operational, production, and technical advances. For this reason, the company has organized itself in such a way that it ensures that it commands a leadership position in the energy industry. Regarding governance, the companys Board of Directors are at the top of the hierarchy and are expected to steer the company affairs, act as the company steward, and guide the management towards realizing the long-term strategy of the company(Saudi Aramco, 2014). Additionally, the board of directors guides the management in assessing the company risk, opportunities, and controls to mitigate internal and external risks. The corporate management staffs are expected to realize the organization mission which is to cherish the thriving business practices and values that have made the organizati on the leading company in chemicals and energy production. Figure 1: Saudi Aramco Hierarchy Overview of the Management System of Saudi Aramco Management system is defined by Griffin (2007) as systematic frameworks created to manage the processes, procedures, and policies of an organization as well as enhance improvement. The adoption of an excellent management system manages risk, improves operations, and enhances stakeholder confidence. Saudi Aramco requires its suppliers to adopt a suppliers safety management system so that they can exceed or comply with the occupational health and safety standards required by the international management system. The company also makes use of CADMATIC tool to transform its PDS models into eBrowser models (Cadmatic Software Solutions, 2015). These models play an essential role in integrating the company corporate systems including OsiSoft Pi that enhances data visualization, RBI risk analysis, iPlant, and the inspection systems. The company employees through these virtual systems can utilize the 3D model to scan various departments in the organization and obtain any documentation connecte d to the systems and equipment. They achieve this by clicking the objects they wish to retrieve in the model. In-Depth Analysis of the Role of Management in Effective Work Processes The role of management in effective work process is to plan work and set expectations; reward good performance, periodically rate performance, and continuously monitor performance (Leonard, 2013). Regarding planning, effective managers channel their focus in setting performance goals and expectations for the human resources with the primary objective of realizing organizational objectives. Employee engagement in the planning process is crucial in understanding the goals of the organization, what the organization expects from them, and what they are supposed to do. The management is also expected to design performance elements that are achievable, equitable, verifiable, understandable, and measurable. Having these elements in place makes employees accountable about their work responsibilities or assignments. It is also the role of the management to monitor projects and assignments on continuous basis. Through monitoring, managers can provide employees with continuous feedback regarding their advancement in achieving the goals of the organization. In addition to monitoring, it is the role of the management to address and evaluate employees development needs. Addressing employees needs is achieved via issuing assignments that requires critical thinking, through training, and boosting work processes (Cohen, Eimicke Heikkila, 2008). Through developmental and training opportunities, employees are motivated to improve their performance, strengthen their work-related competencies and skills and in embracing change. Summarizing staff performance is also essential in enhancing effective work processes. Through the summary, the management is in a position to review and compare employee performance across different periods. Through this strategy, the management is able to differentiate between top performers and low performers and design strategies that will improve the productivity of all employees. Recognizing staffs for their exceptional performance is also crucial in enhancing organizational productivity. The management should use both financial and nonfinancial rewards to congratulate their employees. Examples of rewards that the management should utilize include time off, cash, and saying thank you among others. Based on the analysis, it is important for organizations such as Saudi Aramco to comprehend that its success is not only determined by having the right resources and strategy. On the contrary, it also depends on the ability of the management to support, direct, and harness individuals and teams in delivering the objectives and mission of the organization. Flow of communication within Saudi Aramco There are five ways through which communication flows in the organization, and they include external communication, diagonal communication, and lateral communication, upward and downward communication (Guffey Loewy, 2010). Downward communication refers to the flow of communication from the management to employees at the bottom of the hierarchy. The upward flow of communication, on the other hand, is the flow of information from the subordinates to the top management and is used by employees to air their grievances and provide management with suggestions on how they can boost their productivity and morale. Lateral communication occurs between managers, between peers, and other members who hold the same position in the organization. Diagonal communication occurs between employees and the management whereas external communication results between external groups including financial institutes, banks, vendors, suppliers, and the manager (Guffey Loewy, 2010). For Saudi Aramco, downward c ommunication is used because it is the board of directors who guides all other staffs in the organization toward realizing the organization objectives. Besides, the company does not support a clear and honest two-way communication between staffs and the management (Al-Mallah Regondola, 2014). For this reason, employees feel dissatisfied with their jobs because they cannot air their grievances. References Al-Mallah, M.Y., Regondola, A.A.(2014).Work Attitudes of Employees of Saudi Aramco: Its Relation to Work Satisfaction. International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research, 2(10): 50-56. Cadmatic Software Solutions.(2015). Saudi Aramco. Retrieved from, https://www.cadmatic.com/en/references/saudi-aramco.html Cohen, S., Eimicke, W. B., Heikkila, T. (2008). The effective public manager: achieving success in a changing government. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. Griffin, R. W. (2007). Fundamentals of management: core concepts and applications. Boston, Mass, Houghton Mifflin. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2010). Business communication: process and product. Mason, OH, South-Western/Cengage Learning. Leonard, E. C. (2013). Supervision: concepts and practices of management. Mason, OH, South-Western Cengage Learning. Raadschelders, J. C. N. (2011). Public Administration: The Interdisciplinary Study of Government. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press. Saudi Aramco.(2014). Saudi Aramco. Retrieved fromhttps://www.saudiaramco.com/content/dam/Publications/Journal-of-Technology/Winter2014/JOT_Winter_2014.pdf

Life, Death and Beyond free essay sample

A comparative analysis of the beliefs about the absolute forms of existence as postulated in Platonic Socrates and Taoism. This paper compares and contrasts beliefs about life and death and the possibility of existence beyond death. The author examines these beliefs as exemplified in several philosophical frameworks: Platos Republic, The Phaedo, The Apology, and as illustrated in Taoism as indicated in Wandering on the Way: Early Taoist Tales and Parables of Chuang Tzu. From the paper: The Chunag Tzus idea of life after death is very different than Platos in the absolute sense, but they share similar details. One shared detail is that death may not be a bad thing. In The Phaedo, one has Plato arguing that all true philosophers must join him in death. If they truly love wisdom, then they should shed off this illness that is mortal life and venture into the immortal where true wisdom can be actualized, where true knowledge exists. We will write a custom essay sample on Life, Death and Beyond or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chunag Tzu holds a bit differentlyone just cannot know. Knowledge about death cannot be actualized. It is an unknown. In fact all things are unknown. The only knowledge one can really have is that the Tao exists. In Platonism, truth exists through logic and reason. In Taoism, it is through contradiction. In Taoism, A is not A, because this world is flux, one thing is never the same thing.

The eNotes Blog Marchs Teachers Corner BlendedLearning

Marchs Teachers Corner BlendedLearning In the olden days- really not that long ago- technology in the classroom was an intercom connection with the  office and a 16mm projector that showed black-and-white documentaries. When film strip projectors arrived  on the scene, they represented real innovation; a film strip machine with audio and auto advance was cutting  edge. The term â€Å"blended learning† didn’t exist because there was nothing to blend. The concept of blended learning didn’t enter the mainstream of education until the 1990’s as the internet  continued to expand and schools began investing in classroom computers and software. Since then, the idea  of â€Å"blending† internet and digital media resources with traditional classroom instruction has become the  prevailing force in determining how instruction is delivered. Laptops and tablets are quickly replacing  textbooks, and blended learning has become the focus of professional development. Teachers now race to  keep up with the explosion of new technology resources and the myriad ways they can be used in instruction. There are six models of blended learning. For an overview and a description of each model, check out this Web site.  Based on the descriptions, the â€Å"Face-to-Face Driver† model  seems to be most representative of how blended learning is being implemented in the majority of our  classrooms. The teacher delivers most of the curriculum and employs online resources to supplement  instruction and promote learning. Sounds easy enough, but keeping up with the increasing number of technology resources at  hand and using them most effectively have  become daily challenges. Here are some ideas to help sort things out. Kids the Internet With laptops, tablets, or shared classroom computers, students have immediate access to a world of  information. Sometimes, though, they lack the skills and experience to trek through the blizzard of articles  they find online. For younger students and those whose reading levels make it difficult  to use online resources, here are a couple of good Web sites: Factmonster is an online general  encyclopedia that’s not hard to navigate, and it’s filled with information in easy-to-read articles. Ducksters is designed for students K-8, and offers information and  activities in history, biography, geography, and science, along with homework help, games, and sports. Kids Computer Games Using interactive games and activities can be effective in supplementing instruction in every subject and grade  level. They’re also useful in differentiated instruction and remediation. There are thousands to choose from on  the net, but finding the right ones takes time, and time is always in short supply. To narrow your search, look  at these: For students K-12, check out the interactive games and activities at Hoagies Gifted Education Page. They cover many subjects, including engineering, physics,  space, and astronomy. At Interactive Sites for Education  you will find lots of good  interactive games and activities, K-5, in math, science, language arts, social studies, music, art, and  even typing. The brainteasers are worthwhile, too. Other Ways to Blend Learning In making blended learning effective and engaging, consider some of these ways to implement it: Tap into social media. Write some lessons that incorporate Skype, Twitter, and Facebook. Here’s a site  that features 100 ways to use social media in developing classroom projects and activities. Read books online, free of charge. Create a virtual classroom library filled with new books and stories.  At www., you’ll find eTexts of hundreds of works of literature that can be read in their  entirety online, free. Also free are the children’s books that can be read online at Childrens Books Online. It’s an amazing collection. Project Gutenberg  offers free ebooks in the public domain and features titles from world  literature. Supplement and enhance lessons with instructional videos, movies, and film clips. Save time in locating  what you need by visiting this article. It features The  100 Best Video Sites for Educators and describes what you can find at each one. Whatever subject or grade you teach, take your students on virtual field trips. A great collection of  virtual tours can be found at here. Among them  are some virtual reality tours of famous places as they existed in the past. Design lesson-related activities that allow students to use technology in creative ways- drawing  pictures, completing DIY projects, and making music or their own movies. You’ll find top-rated apps for  students K-12 at Graphite. Many of the apps are free. Every resource that can be tapped through technology isn’t necessarily valuable in the classroom. For blended  learning to be effective, it must be orchestrated by teachers who understand their students and who  recognize what can be achieved by connecting them with the right resources at the right time. As always, kids need their  teachers. Without them, the newest, most sophisticated technology is just an improvement on the film strip  machine. Have a great spring break! See you in April. This is a guest post from Staff Writer, Susan Hurn.   Susan is a former high school English teacher and college instructor. She loves writing for and also enjoys good books, creative writing, and all things related to history.   Let us know if youre interested in contributing to the   blog.

Polymerase Chain Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polymerase Chain Reaction - Essay Example Its name was coined from one of its key processes i.e. DNA polymerase. A DNA template is produced and the chain reaction that follows is the concluding part of the process. A major requirement of recombinant DNA techniques is the "availability of large quantities of specific DNA segment" (Bastianutto et al 2006). Cloning which was the preferred method involves transformation of a plasmid vector into bacteria that is then cultured. The cloning process is not as efficient as PCR in terms of amplification of DNA. In addition PCR can allow the generation of millions of copies of DNA from a single or few pieces. PCR occurs in stages, the Initialization, Denaturation, Annealing, Extension/elongation, Final elongation. The Initialization step involves heating to 94-96C. After the heating stage, Denaturation produces a single DNA strand. This is caused by breaking the hydrogen bonds between DNA strands, thus causing the melting of the DNA template and primers. Temperature is lowered during the annealing step. Here primers are bound to the single stranded DNA template by the polymerase. At the Extension/elongation the DNA polymerase produces a new DNA strand by adding dNTPs. The last PCR cycle is the Final elongation, the step is done to ensure that all single stranded DNA are fully extended.

Exposit both Sartre's account of freedom and Kant's. Which of the two Essay

Exposit both Sartre's account of freedom and Kant's. Which of the two is the most cogent (compelling or convincing) or is th - Essay Example Nevertheless, looking at the universal aspects of morality and rationality, Kantian â€Å"freedom† is more cogent to get it and further put in action. First off, the existentialistic ideas proposed by Sartre follow the idea of absurd and determinism. To be precise, Sartre is likely to suggest a free will when he talks on freedom able to override people’s rationality (Palmer 283). In other words, he pinpoints that a man is allowed to do what he/she wants to notwithstanding possible negative outcomes after possessing such a freedom. Obviously, Sartre highlights the concept of freedom in keeping with the best tradition of the existentialism. As opposed to Kant’s interpretation, Sartre underpins the idea of freedom by the idea of values people get thereafter: â€Å"Sartre has radicalized Kant’s view that the source of value is always the human being, and he has prioritized freedom over rationality† (Palmer 292). Henceforth, Sartre does not rely on the o mnipotence and power of reason. Regardless of it, he shows up the pleasure of freedom as if behind the social life. In turn, Kant would oppose this characterization by giving more grounds to freedom which is a result of a man’s rationality. Immanuel Kant worked out his own vision of the moral philosophy when highlighting the need for freedom. However, he suggests lots of arguments to make his vision out. Thereupon, Kant outlines the meaning of autonomy going hand in hand with what he claims to be freedom. Although Sartre is likely to denote the authorship of a man in what he/she does, Kant is driven by giving some contrast to justify morality and freedom. Thus, he points out morality as a contradiction between duty and inclination and freedom as a controversy between autonomy and heteronomy (Sandel 117). The latter is an opposition to being autonomous, as might be seen. In this vein, Kantian philosophy states that freedom and justice go hand in hand. That is, a person subject to the law is one to accept freedom in its core values. Ostensibly, such evaluation of freedom goes apart with Sartre’s understanding thereof. In fact, Kant’s philosophic treatment of people’s actions can be simply narrowed down to his well-known categorical imperative which is all about mutuality in actions people commit toward one another. Kant’s claims are possible through his close attention to living within the society and complying with the rules and norms of social life. His moral position touches upon the â€Å"intelligible† realm when he remarks: â€Å"†¦we transfer ourselves into the intelligible world as members and recognize the autonomy of the will together with its consequence - morality† (Sandel 128). Membership comes first as a prerequisite of sharing similar ideals and values between individuals. Societal constraints like the law and its execution serve to strike a balance within the society leading toward freedom. In the European tradition, it is all about the democracy as a weighed sum of people’s wants and needs so that to make all of them free and autonomous as well. When Sartre is quite straight-forward paying much attention to the freedom of action despite of the legal limits shared within the society, Kant just traces back to the basic rules of a civilized social life so that to construct the most applicable and unrepugnant concept of freedom. The difference is that Kant is more obliged to the norms of the society seeing a human being as a biosocial creature equally dependant on the natural

What Is The Relationship Between Geography And Relations Cultural Studies Essay

What Is The Relationship Between Geography And Relations Cultural Studies Essay To answer a question like the proposed one, it is necessary first to follow some steps that can guide us into the correct line to obtain the best response which not only will give the exactly solution to the problem but also it will let one fulfill the necessity of know and comprehend the context of the entire situation. Saying this, it is essential to know how the international relations work and what are they about, and off course it is needed to recognize the definition of geography to be able to create some bases for give a correct response and to have the capacity to establish a connection between the two terms meaning and make a reflection of how they can coexist and be related with each other in the daily development of life. Although, we need to analyze each of the geography factors that have influenced the international system, why are they about and how they have change their importance according to the evolution of the actors during the time; so we can finally come with a complete solution to the question treated, taking into account all the information recollected. This solution will let us create some general and specific conclusions that may be useful to understand the conduct of this system and come with a new perspective of the worlds behavior in terms of the international relations and the geography that would permit us participate of it in an active and conscientiously way. The term of international relations, to begin, refers to: a branch of political science concerned with relations between nations and primarily with foreign policies(1). Analyzing this definition, there is the word international as a strong factor, that involves not only more actors with different cultures, aspects, needs, and behaves participating in the system, but also implies an expansion of territory where relations are not longer realized in the national borders from each state, yet it now refers that human interactions are done in the entire world. The definition also shows the importance of creating foreign policies which can be understood as the plans of states to follow at the time of interact internationally. No matter how different international contacts between states have been, (due to peoples mental conception of the world, and the existing differences between the actors that affects this humans interactions), they will be always present in the history, representing humankind natural necessity of interaction, and they will be always affected by the decisions and behaviors of the representatives in the international system. One example can be taken from the old ages, where the interests of some international actors as Cristobal Colà ³n, were discovering new lands and persons, to increase the territory of the king and to open new markets with the India. In here, territory represents Cristobal Colà ³n wants of recognizing the shape of the world and the general necessity of creating maps to be able to go through the land and expand territory, wealth, knowledge and so on. As we see, international relations can be a complex system that shows the interactions between the humans all around the world, but having a deeply view, it is possible to understand and see that those interactions work according to more specific aspects of the actors, which are also related to the external environment where they developed their cultures, believes, wants and methods to achieve all the goals that they have on mind. On the other hand the term of geography, refers to: The scientific study of the location and spatial variation in both physical and human phenomena on Earth (2). Since ancient times, humankind has always been interested in knowing the surrounding world and before we knew the world as it is today, we used to dream with distant treasures in other lands, including not only the mineral materials like gold or oil that have a big economic value nowadays, but also new landscapes with better grounds that let us harvest and build new villages, territories with a variety of climates and may be other persons with differences in their physical aspect, culture and life style from who to learn new techniques and to whom we could teach or even colonize. In other words, geographers are the ones who investigate the distribution of all of the resources in the earth and how nature has gave to some nations what other nations dont even know but that they will probably want a need. According to the geography branch, geographers have an especial field of study, for example, those who have the population as the base of study and are in charge of analyze physical differences between races, are called human geographers; those specialized in behaviors and believes are called cultural geographers, and finally those who search all the territory, its location in the map and the advantages and disadvantages of that location, are the physical geographers. As we have discussed before, international relations have been evolving according to the actors and some other factors that influenced them, including ideology, economic, politic, and geographical aspects. It is in this analysis where we can notice the relation between the two terms, and it permits us the establishment of a new definition that involves both terms. This definition would says that international relations are the connections and interactions established by humans all around the world, whose acts are defined according to their personal culture, raze and territory characteristics. Therefore sometimes the relations become difficult when the differences between these aspects from each nation, shock among them. All this factors that influenced human actions are the field of study of geography. Starting with the analysis of the human branch, we see that there have been many differences between races on earth, for example black people in Africa have a strong physic which represents an advantage in doing hard jobs, or the natives in America with beautiful features and big knowledge of the nature. These varieties have influenced peoples behavior and thoughts of the worlds reality in each time. We can see as an example, that at the beginning, when the humankind felt the necessity of investigate and make an appropriation of the earth, international actors have interests on discovering new lands and learn from possible different cultures. They started traveling all around the world, arriving to new lands that were already inhabited by more developed cultures or at the opposite by cultures that, for being less developed, were also more vulnerable to being attacked and colonized, even when populations physical characteristics were as strong as the Africans. At this time, human thoughts were based on the growing, not only of the empires but also of their knowledge about the world were they lived; also the relations between nations were based on mutual recognition, acceptation and interaction. But after the discovery of new lands that were possibly richer in resources (human, cultural, physical), and because of humans natural ambition, the wishes of territorial expansion to increase wealth and power appeared on International relations field. Human interactions development changed from the ones that used to be, to a new scenario based on the pretenses of the statesmen in increasing their power, without caring about the means they had to use, like violent acquisition of human, mineral, and land resources taken from any place they wanted, even if there were established any other nation. In the cultural analysis, we can say that: All cultures change through time. No culture is static. However, most cultures are basically conservative in that they tend to resist change. Some resist more than others by enacting laws for the preservation and protection of traditional cultural patterns while putting up barriers to alien ideas and things. (3). Culture represents one of the biggest and more important aspects in international relations because of the strongest link existing between humans behavior and humans believes. Both aspects influence each other and make the other possible, therefore sometimes it is difficult to maintain some interactions between the representatives of different traditions, because even if the culture is somehow open for new changes, there will be always some kind of resistance to accept the external ideas that are different from their believes and ways of behave. In the history, cultures differences have represented not only difficulties to maintain commercial or diplomatic relations, but also the reasons given by some actors to initiate wars as the one in the Middle East with the well known problem land of promise, that hasnt been resolved and that also shows how different believes can influence the international relations scenario. Finally the physical aspect of geography refers to all of the specific resources inside any territory. Since the mental expansion of the actors, and their capacity of extend their physical territory occurred, territory has become one of the most relevant points to understand the international system, due to the fact that it has become the place where all the relations are done, therefore land appropriation has become the biggest want of the international actors to control all new interactions and increase their power and recognition among other states. Statesmen who have always looked for their benefits and profits in international interactions, understood that having richer territories with all kind of resources, and strategic locations, would let them achieve their personal goals, therefore all international policies in the different countries take in to account land and its characteristics to plan the nation behave in the international system. Therefore it is possible to see now that developed nations helped the developing ones to fulfill their necessity of power even if they dont say it in a direct way. To conclude, we have analyzed and proved that all human interactions are influenced somehow by some geographical aspects that are, were and will be always present in humankind evolution. Factors as the territory where we live, the culture that we have learned and our specific physical aspects, including behaves, are the ones that guide us in the international relations field. Therefore there is a big relationship between the two terms, and it is essential to study geography in the international system, to be able to be a conscientiously actor that participates actively in that big network, where all is connected.

Heart of Darkness versus Apocalypse Now Essay -- essays research paper

Books and movies present stories in different ways because the medias are incredibly different. In the story Heart of Darkness, the author takes the motif of the journey and presents it in the third person in a way that people could understand with the topic of the spread of culture in the â€Å"third world.† Apocalypse Now shows the journey in a completely different way. It is made into a first person narrative and is changed from colonization to the modern day equivalent of the Vietnam War. Both ways of showing the story keeps the main idea of the journey both inside and outside, but the way of presenting it is very different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story Heart of Darkness is presented to us in the third person. From the beginning, the story is shown as someone telling a story about something that’s already happened and it goes back and forth between the â€Å"present† and several times which make up the past. The story starts with the narrator telling his fellow boat-mates about a man named Marlow and his adventure into the wild to find a man Kurtz. The whole time the story goes back and forth between the narrator and his telling the story and Marlow driving the action. This is an interesting way of narrating the story because we really do not hear much from the actual speaker but most of the action takes place through Marlow. In the movie Apocalypse Now, the entire story is presented to us from one persons point of view. The Marlow figure in the movie is Captain Willard...

Augustinian Theodicy and Irenaean Theodicy Essay

The problem of evil is a significant and enduring philosophical and theological debate. A question is often raised and discussed: if God is both all-loving and all-powerful, then how can evils-including natural evil and moral evil—exist in our world? In response to the charge that the evils of the world are incompatible with God’s omnipotence and perfect goodness, the word†theodicy† is coined to deal with the problem of evil. Usually it is an attempt to show that it is possible to affirm the omnipotence of God, the love of God, and the reality of evil without contradiction. Two of the most well-known and most frequently discussed theodicies are the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy. The Augustinian theodicy was constructed by Saint Augustine (345-430 AD) and is the main traditional Christian response to the problem of evil. The Augustinian Theodicy holds the view that because God is perfect, the world was created free of imperfections. God cannot be blamed for evil and suffering since God didn’t create them, on the contrary, evil comes from angels and humans who act less than perfectly and choose through free will to sin and disobey God. Natural evil is an appropriate punishment because humanity destroyed the natural order, we have all sinned so we all deserve to be punished. Quite different from the Augustinian theodicy, the Irenaean theodicy which was created by Saint Irenaeas (130-202 AD) and later developed by John Hicks and Richard Swinburne doesn’t see the world as created all-good and describes an almost opposite process compared with the Augustinian theodicy. It holds that humans were initially created as immature and imperfect beings; they were created in the image of God, but not His likeness. Mankind’s goal is to achieve that likeness. Such perfection and likeness of God cannot be ready-made, it can only be developed through free will choices, and we can only become moral and develop through making moral judgments. Natural evil has to be created in order to help man progress. According to Irenaean theodicy, the suffering of the world will be justified with the reward of heaven, and this is a heaven for all, everybody will go to heaven by achieving the likeness of God. The following passages are mainly devoted to the discussion of the distinctions between the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy. First, the different theories of evil are where a foremost and drastic distinction emerges. In the Augustinian theodicy, the main philosophical position is the idea of the negative or privative nature of evil. Evil here is seen as a matter of privation-in each created being, evil is that which deprives it of the particular form or purpose which is natural to it. In other words, evil is not substance, not a â€Å"thing†, but a privation of good, an absence of good and a falling away from good. It always consists of the malfunctioning of something that is in itself good. For example, shadow is not a proliferation of darkness, but an absence of light. Since evil is a lack of something, it is not something that was created by God, but comes from angels and humans who act less than perfectly. When human being’s free will abandons what is above itself and turns to what is lower, it becomes evil. So human beings are totally responsible for evil because evil is the result of hu man error. In the Irenaean theodicy, however, evil plays an important role in the gradual creation of a perfected humanity through life in a highly imperfect world. Then a question â€Å"Why can’t God just create us as perfect as in Augustinian theodicy?† is raised. To this question, John Hick gave a fully and vivid explanation in his book Philosophy of Religion. He cleverly points out: if the world were a paradise from which all possibility of pain and suffering were excluded, then the consequences would be very far-reaching, nothing bad, nothing suffering would exist in this world, no one could ever be injured by accident, people could do anything immoral they want without hurting other people†¦ As a result, in a world free of real dangers, difficulties, problems, obstacles, there will be no meaning for the real good qualities as generosity, kindness, love, prudenceetc to exist. God had to allow the possibility of evil, because if there were no such possibility man would not be free to choose good over evil. If there were no evil and suffering humans would always follow God’s law because there would be no difficulties in doing so. The evils in this world are required by a God of love who seeks the development of his free creatures from their original innocence into fully mature spiritual beings. In other words, we human beings learn to be morally mature enough to grow closer to God. Evil can lead us to the final goodness and perfection. In this regard, God is partly  responsible for the evil in the world. Second, Augustine sticks close to the biblical text, whereas Irenaeus ties his theory less to the biblical text. As the more authentically biblical view, the Augustinian theodicy is based on the Bible and does not contradict the scriptures; it follows the traditional Christian interpretation of the creation story in the Genesis: God creates the world perfectly in six days, Adam and Eve—-the ancestors of human beings—live in the Garden of Eden happily, until one day Eve is tempted by a serpent and eats the forbidden fruits and is finally driven out of the Paradise. By eating the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil Eve commits the first sin. Augustine’s theodicy could be seen as consistent with this interpretation of the text. Moreover, he uses other Biblical ideas of God, and defends the perfection of God by maintaining that evil is a privation and not a substance, and that evil comes from human sinfulness. Humans deserve the consequences of natural evil and they are responsible for their own suffering through abuse of their own free will. The Irenaeus theodicy, on the contrary, is not compatible with biblical teaching. As a matter of fact, it is in many ways just the opposite of the interpretation of the Bible by claiming that God is partially responsible for evils. Third, in comparison to the Augustinian theodicy being a â€Å"Soul deciding† theodicy, the Irenaean theodicy is a â€Å"Soul making† theodicy. â€Å"Soul deciding† means that different consequences come as a result of the free will of human beings. So if a person chooses to do a morally wrong act a consequence will follow. A â€Å"soul making† theodicy is applied by irenaeus, which means to move from the state of imperfection through moral struggle toward eventual completed humanization. Besides the distinctions mentioned in the above passages, the Augustinian theodicy and Irenaean theodicy are often compared by people in many other aspects. For instance, Augustine leaves some people a long way from God whereas Irenaeus explains how everyone can reach heaven through moral struggle; for Augustine God is remote from man, having been distanced by his sin whereas for Irenaeus, as we make this progress we grow closer to God, reducing the epistemic distance between us and God; the Augustine’s theodicy is often thought of as a pessimistic and â€Å"tragic†Ã‚  theodicy whereas the Irenaean theodicy is generally conceived as a â€Å"comic† theodicy as is more positive and optimistic. Not surprisingly, the two theodicies also have some similarities, the most common one is that both of them trace evil back to human free will: for Augustine it is the reason why angels and human beings fall from the ultimate goodness of heaven, and what they use to disobey God, but for Irenaeus it is a part of God’s plan because it allows self-development, people also use this free will to disobey God and it causes suffering, but this suffering can help them to develop their character in order to choose to embrace goodness or evil. In conclusion, the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy are two sharply contrasted theodicies: the Augustinian theodicy which is also known as the â€Å"soul deciding† theodicy, stresses the role of the Fall, and sees evil as either sin or the result of sin; whereas the Irenaean theodicy, which regards evil as a requirement by a God of love to let his free creatures to develop from their original innocence into fully mature spiritual beings. Thus, our world becomes â€Å"the vale of soul-making†. Since the day of their births, the two theodicies have respectively received many praises as well as criticisms and challenges. Many deficiencies are found in both of the two theodicies. As a matter of fact, the problem of evil, far from being solved, is still open to discussion. References Day, Elizabeth. â€Å"Geneticist claims to have found’God gene’ in humans.† The Washington TimesWorld. 15 Nov 2004. Copyright 2004 News WorldCommunications, Inc. Hick, John. â€Å"An Irenaean Theodicy.† A John HickReader. Ed. Paul Badham. Philadelphia:Trinity Press International, 1990. 88-105. Ridley, Matt. Genome. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2000

The Cuban Missile Crisis Was A Big Event During The Cold War

The Cuban missile crisis was a big event during the â€Å"Cold War† that almost brought the world into a nuclear catastrophe. In this event the Soviet Union deployed around 100 tactical nuclear weapons to Cuba aiming to land in U.S. territory. The possibilities of a nuclear war was predicted by the president of the United States John F. Kennedy to be around a 33% chances of actually happening. The local Soviet commander in Cuba could have launched these weapons that were sent without additional codes or commands from Moscow. There was also a scheduled U.S. air strike that could have triggered a nuclear response against American ships and troops. If the Cuban missile crisis were fulfilled, over 200 million people around the world could have died in the resulting war. It was because of the American foreign policy that the crisis was diverted and resolved without war. During the Cold War, the United States was concerned about an expansion of Communism. On December 19, 1960, after seizing power in the Caribbean island nation of Cuba, leftist revolutionary leader Fidel Castro aligned himself with the Soviet Union. Under Castro, Cuba grew dependent on the Soviets for military and economic aid. A Latin American country allying openly with the USSR was regarded as unacceptable, given the US-Soviet enmity since the end of World War II. The Soviets were feeling uncomfortable with the amount of nuclear weapons that the U.S. had targeted at them in Western Europe and Turkey. As a resultShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis During The Cold War1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1963 in a setting that was the high point of tension in the Cold War. The most significant background cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the underlying cold war ideology of capitalism vs communism. 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